INFO CENTER
Custom Electric Bike Factory since 2010.
Language
Custom Electric Bike Factory since 2010.
If you bought an electric-assist bicycle (e-bike) last year, it's likely that you own one of the fastest-growing types of bicycles in the United States. In 2021, e-bike sales surpassed those of traditional road bikes, making them the third-largest category in the bicycle market. E-bikes, equipped with a lightweight motor, provide powerful assistance for various cycling conditions, especially for commuting and errands.
At the heart of e-bikes lies a robust lithium battery. Properly maintaining this battery is crucial for achieving optimal range and extending its lifespan.
Here's how to charge an e-bike battery for the best results:
Basics of Safe Charging
Kunal Kapoor, Quality Manager responsible for e-bike motors at leading supplier Bosch, emphasizes the importance of using an appropriate indoor charger for battery charging while ensuring the e-assist system is turned off. Although e-bike motors, batteries, and wiring are weather-resistant, chargers are not suitable for outdoor use.
For modern lithium batteries, the charger's battery monitoring system ensures the internal temperature is optimal before initiating and discontinuing the charging process as needed. Non-branded chargers, even with the same rated output, lack the comprehensive features of a battery management system. Using such chargers poses the risk of short circuits and fires.
While the probability of battery short circuits leading to fires is low, it's advisable not to leave the battery unattended during charging. Whether charging the battery while mounted on the bike or detached, it's crucial to avoid placing it on flammable surfaces or near potential fire hazards, such as spare gasoline containers in a garage. If you're opting for a more affordable e-bike with non-branded motors and batteries, ensure the battery and charger bear the UL 2849 certification from Underwriters Laboratories, a standard for e-bike safety power systems and battery charging.
Optimizing Battery Range and Lifespan
Understanding the principles behind range and lifespan is essential. Range refers to the running time – the distance covered on a single full charge, typically represented in miles. Even on the same bike, range can vary depending on factors such as terrain and load. Lifespan, on the other hand, denotes the number of discharge and charge cycles a battery can undergo before experiencing significant capacity loss.
E-bike batteries typically have a benchmark lifespan of about 500 full discharge/recharge cycles, equivalent to 3 to 5 years of normal use. Kapoor notes that increased reliance on the motor, especially using Boost or Turbo modes continuously, accelerates the discharge and recharge cycles, shortening the battery's lifespan. Another less apparent factor is pedal cadence. Most e-bike motor efficiencies lie between 70-90 revolutions per minute (rpm). Too fast or too slow pedal cadence can reduce efficiency, akin to the concept of "engine lugging" in automobiles. Choosing an appropriate gear ratio to maintain an optimal cadence of 70-90 rpm is advised.
Common Mistakes Leading to Battery Damage
When acquiring a new e-bike, it's recommended to fully charge the battery before the initial ride, especially if it has been idle for a while. Allowing the battery to fully deplete can lead to permanent damage, rendering it unable to reach its original capacity. If the bike will not be used for weeks or more, store it indoors or at least store the battery in a dry, room-temperature environment, maintaining the battery charge between 30% and 60%. This minimizes the likelihood of deep discharging, which can harm the battery. Avoid leaving the battery plugged in for extended periods, as unnecessary charging cycles can eventually reduce its capacity.
For prolonged periods without riding, it's advisable to check the battery level monthly and recharge when it falls below 30%. Unlike some other battery types, lithium batteries are less affected by cold weather, and reduced range may only be noticeable in extremely cold conditions. However, storing lithium batteries below freezing can damage the cathode, leading to decreased capacity. Additionally, high temperatures should be avoided, as excess heat can damage battery components and, in extreme cases, lead to thermal runaway, a state where the battery self-heats uncontrollably, potentially causing a fire.
Furthermore, it's unnecessary to charge the battery after every ride. While preemptively charging the battery may seem wise, it can accelerate capacity degradation over time. If, for example, your daily ride covers only a fraction of the battery's full range, you may only need to charge every 3 to 4 days, even with attentive battery care. Keep in mind that reduced capacity is a significant indicator of battery health, and if the range drops to 70% or less of its original capacity, it may be time to consider a battery replacement. While reduced capacity is not a safety concern, purchasing a replacement battery from reputable brands is crucial. Always ensure the battery and charger are a compatible pair.
In the event of a fire, though rare, it's essential to act swiftly. If the battery overheats during charging, disconnect the charger immediately. Ideally, place the battery in a metal container, such as a bucket filled with sand, away from flammable materials. If circumstances allow, contact emergency services and specify that it's a lithium battery fire, requiring a different firefighting approach than traditional fires. Avoid using water on a burning lithium battery, as it reacts with lithium to produce hydrogen, a highly flammable gas. A fire extinguisher may be helpful in such situations.
Handling E-Bike Battery Repairs and Disposal
Attempting to repair a damaged battery or having someone else do so is strongly discouraged, despite some guides suggesting it's possible. Lithium batteries in e-bikes use standard 18650 cells, widely used in various products, including electric vehicles. These cells vary in chemical composition, capacity, and current, posing a fire risk if mishandled. If a new battery is needed, it's recommended to purchase one rather than attempting repairs. Reputable e-bike dealers that sell branded bikes can order replacement batteries directly. Prices vary based on battery size and brand, but the cost of a new battery typically ranges from $400 to $800. Dealers may also offer a recycling service for old batteries.
Battery recycling is crucial, as even used batteries can be reprocessed into new ones, reducing energy costs and environmental impact compared to producing batteries from raw materials. Discarding lithium batteries in landfills poses a fire risk and can leach toxic metals and other chemicals into the soil and air.
In case of a fire, while rare, immediate action is crucial. Disconnect the charger if the battery is overheating during charging, and place the battery in a metal container away from flammable materials. If possible, contact emergency services, specifying it's a lithium battery fire, which requires a specialized firefighting approach. Avoid using water, as it reacts with lithium, producing flammable hydrogen gas. A fire extinguisher may be helpful in such situations.
In conclusion, proper charging practices and regular maintenance are essential for maximizing the range and lifespan of your e-bike's battery. Following safety guidelines and being aware of potential risks can ensure a safe and enjoyable e-bike experience.
Ezreal always aim to get the highest level of satisfaction by providing OEM/ODM service and make you stand out in the market.
